隨著城市拆遷力度的不斷加大，拆遷規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)苗木的大量存在，嚴(yán)重制約著拆遷工作的順利進(jìn)行，對(duì)苗木進(jìn)行科學(xué)、真實(shí)、公正的評(píng)估顯得尤為重要，它既關(guān)系著拆遷戶的切身利益，也影響著城市建設(shè)的整體進(jìn)度。城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展，必然導(dǎo)致城市用地的快速置換。近年來，筆者參與了互助縣城市拆遷中苗木評(píng)估。現(xiàn)就苗木評(píng)估時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)總結(jié)如下，以供相關(guān)人員共同探討。

With the continuous increase in urban demolition efforts, the large number of seedlings in the demolition planning area seriously restricts the smooth progress of demolition work. It is particularly important to conduct a scientific, truthful, and fair evaluation of seedlings, which not only concerns the vital interests of the demolition households, but also affects the overall progress of urban construction. The rapid development of urbanization will inevitably lead to the rapid replacement of urban land. In recent years, the author has participated in the evaluation of seedlings during urban demolition in Huzhu County. The following is a summary of the precautions to be taken during seedling evaluation for relevant personnel to discuss together.

1、苗木評(píng)估人員的確定

1. Determination of Nursery Evaluation Personnel

評(píng)估人員專業(yè)素質(zhì)的高低，直接影響著苗木評(píng)估工作的質(zhì)量。評(píng)估人員的的選擇主要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行：一是參與苗木評(píng)估的工作人員要有較扎實(shí)的林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)知識(shí)和具有豐富的鄉(xiāng)土樹種苗木經(jīng)營、利用、管理的實(shí)踐知識(shí)。二是參與苗木評(píng)估的工作人員要有良好的職業(yè)道德。牢固樹立“為民造福、為政府爭(zhēng)光、為城建做貢獻(xiàn)”的思想，樹立牢固的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀，強(qiáng)化與城市拆遷工作同命運(yùn)的責(zé)任感。三是參與評(píng)估的工作人員要有較強(qiáng)的法制觀念。認(rèn)真遵循拆遷的法律法規(guī)，不評(píng)人情苗，不搞特權(quán)事，經(jīng)受住各種誘惑和不正之風(fēng)的考驗(yàn)。不以權(quán)謀私，徇私枉法，使評(píng)估工作科學(xué)化、規(guī)范化、制度化。

The professional quality of evaluators directly affects the quality of seedling evaluation work. The selection of evaluators is mainly based on the following aspects: firstly, the staff participating in the seedling evaluation should have solid professional knowledge in forestry economics and rich practical knowledge in the management, utilization, and management of local tree species seedlings. Secondly, the staff involved in seedling evaluation should have good professional ethics. Firmly establish the idea of "benefiting the people, winning glory for the government, and contributing to urban construction", establish a solid worldview, outlook on life, and values, and strengthen the sense of responsibility that shares the same fate as urban demolition work. Thirdly, the staff participating in the evaluation should have a strong legal awareness. Seriously abide by the laws and regulations of demolition, do not discriminate against people, do not engage in privileged activities, and withstand various temptations and tests of misconduct. Do not abuse power for personal gain, bend the law for personal gain, and make evaluation work scientific, standardized, and institutionalized.

2 苗木價(jià)格的構(gòu)成

Composition of 2 seedling prices

筆者根據(jù)多年苗木生產(chǎn)、營銷的經(jīng)驗(yàn)認(rèn)為，苗木價(jià)格的構(gòu)成主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：一是苗木的市場(chǎng)因素。物以稀為貴，市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系對(duì)苗木的價(jià)格有直接影響，在小規(guī)格苗木和新品種上體現(xiàn)尤為明顯。二是苗木的樹形特征。主要包括苗木的干徑大小、樹冠的形態(tài)、樹木的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)等。三是苗木的特殊性。苗木種植由于受地塊、水分、出苗率等一些因素影響，苗木數(shù)量的確定較為特殊。四是政府調(diào)控因素。政府部門有法律權(quán)限對(duì)特定的苗木價(jià)格進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控。

Based on years of experience in seedling production and marketing, the author believes that the composition of seedling prices mainly includes the following aspects: firstly, market factors of seedlings. Rare things are precious, and the market supply and demand relationship has a direct impact on the price of seedlings, which is particularly evident in small-sized seedlings and new varieties. The second is the tree like characteristics of seedlings. Mainly including the diameter of seedlings, the shape of tree crowns, and the growth of trees. The third is the particularity of seedlings. The determination of the number of seedlings for seedling planting is quite unique due to factors such as plot, moisture, and emergence rate. The fourth factor is government regulation. Government departments have the legal authority to macroeconomic regulate the prices of specific seedlings.

3 苗木價(jià)格的確定

3 Determination of seedling prices

根據(jù)苗木價(jià)格的構(gòu)成因素，在對(duì)苗木評(píng)估之前，苗木評(píng)估人員要對(duì)苗木市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行廣泛的調(diào)查和研究，根據(jù)當(dāng)下苗木的市場(chǎng)走勢(shì)和苗木本身價(jià)格組成，兼顧當(dāng)?shù)卣笇?dǎo)的苗木價(jià)格的宏觀政策，制定出既讓政府滿意，又能滿足大部分拆遷戶利益的苗木補(bǔ)償價(jià)格，提供給有關(guān)部門。

Based on the composition factors of seedling prices, before evaluating seedlings, seedling evaluators need to conduct extensive investigations and research on the seedling market. Based on the current market trend and price composition of seedlings, and taking into account the macro policies of local government guidance on seedling prices, they should formulate a compensation price for seedlings that satisfies the government and meets the interests of most demolition households, and provide it to relevant departments.

4 苗木數(shù)量的確定

4 Determination of the number of seedlings

由于受經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使，在規(guī)劃拆遷區(qū)內(nèi)有大量的苗木存在是一個(gè)不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。怎樣來確定成片苗木的數(shù)量;筆者根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)建議，對(duì)于苗木種植面積較小地塊，適合用樣方進(jìn)行測(cè)定。在苗木區(qū)內(nèi)選取苗木高度、密度較為均勻且具有一定代表性的地段，劃定1 m×1 m的樣方地進(jìn)行苗木測(cè)定。樣方地的設(shè)定數(shù)量以苗木種植面積的大小而確定，一般不少于5個(gè)。對(duì)于苗木種植面積較大的地塊，適合用樣帶進(jìn)行測(cè)定。苗木種植面積較大的地塊，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際，要設(shè)定株行距較為均勻，又具有代表性的地段進(jìn)行樣帶測(cè)定，樣帶寬度一般為2.0~2.5 m，帶與帶之間的距離保持在6~8 m，樣帶長(zhǎng)度以實(shí)際苗木種植面積的邊界為長(zhǎng)，且樣帶的長(zhǎng)度要基本相同。對(duì)珍稀苗木的測(cè)定，要利用逐個(gè)編號(hào)法進(jìn)行清點(diǎn)。

It is an undeniable fact that there are a large number of seedlings in the planned demolition area driven by economic interests. How to determine the quantity of seedlings in patches; Based on experience, the author suggests that for plots with small seedling planting areas, it is suitable to use sample plots for measurement. Select a representative area with uniform height and density of seedlings in the nursery area, and designate a 1 m × 1 m sample plot for seedling measurement. The number of sample plots is determined by the size of the nursery planting area, generally not less than 5. For plots with large planting areas for seedlings, it is suitable to use sample strips for measurement. For plots with a large planting area for seedlings, according to the actual site conditions, representative sections with uniform spacing between plants should be set up for strip testing. The width of the strip is generally 2.0-2.5 meters, and the distance between strips should be kept between 6-8 meters. The length of the strip should be based on the boundary of the actual planting area for seedlings, and the length of the strip should be basically the same. The determination of rare seedlings should be counted using the individual numbering method.

5 苗木補(bǔ)償協(xié)議書的簽訂

Signing of the compensation agreement for 5 seedlings

苗木補(bǔ)償協(xié)議書的簽訂，是整個(gè)苗木拆遷補(bǔ)償工作*重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，整個(gè)工作的結(jié)果在協(xié)議書中才能體現(xiàn)出來。因此，補(bǔ)償協(xié)議書的簽訂要慎之又慎，主要內(nèi)容包括：一是協(xié)議書。包括：苗木拆遷補(bǔ)償?shù)氖掠?、苗木補(bǔ)償?shù)挠嘘P(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和依據(jù)、苗木補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?nèi)容和數(shù)量的確定、補(bǔ)償金額和補(bǔ)償金支付方式、苗木的安置和移除時(shí)間、法律責(zé)任、協(xié)議書簽訂和簽訂日期、協(xié)議雙方蓋章簽字。二是苗木補(bǔ)償?shù)怯洷怼０ǎ好缒痉N類、大小、數(shù)量、單價(jià)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量人員、復(fù)核人員、部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審核、苗木權(quán)屬人簽字、測(cè)量時(shí)間。三是苗木現(xiàn)狀地形圖。指目前拆遷的現(xiàn)狀地形圖，在地形圖上勾畫出拆遷苗木的范圍，圖上要有經(jīng)辦人員、苗木權(quán)屬人簽名。四是苗木權(quán)屬證明。即在勾畫出的地形圖加蓋村小組公章，證明權(quán)屬。五是拆遷補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表。要有權(quán)屬人簽名，同時(shí)按右手大拇指手印。六是付款審批表。要有權(quán)屬人簽名，同時(shí)按右手大拇指手印;還需主管部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批意見，簽名并加蓋公章。

The signing of the nursery compensation agreement is an important part of the entire nursery demolition compensation work, and the results of the entire work can only be reflected in the agreement. Therefore, the signing of the compensation agreement should be extremely cautious, and the main contents include: firstly, the agreement. Including: reasons for compensation for seedling demolition, relevant standards and basis for seedling compensation, determination of content and quantity of seedling compensation, compensation amount and payment method, placement and removal time of seedlings, legal responsibilities, signing and signing date of the agreement, and signatures of both parties. The second is the registration form for seedling compensation. Including: seedling type, size, quantity, unit price, on-site measurement personnel, review personnel, department leader review, signature of seedling owner, measurement time. The third is the topographic map of the current situation of seedlings. A topographic map of the current demolition situation, outlining the scope of the demolished seedlings on the map, with signatures from the handling personnel and the owners of the seedlings. The fourth is the certificate of ownership of seedlings. Stamp the village group seal on the topographic map to prove ownership. The fifth is the compensation standard table for demolition. The owner's signature is required, and the fingerprint of the right thumb should be pressed at the same time. The sixth is the payment approval form. Must have the signature of the property owner and the fingerprint of the right thumb; The approval opinion, signature, and official seal of the competent department leader are still required.

6 苗木的安置

Placement of 6 seedlings

補(bǔ)償協(xié)議簽訂完成后對(duì)苗木的安置，雖然與評(píng)估人員已無太大關(guān)系，但因?yàn)樵u(píng)估價(jià)格的性質(zhì)和價(jià)格大小也對(duì)苗木安置產(chǎn)生一定的影響。苗木安置一般分為2種：以市場(chǎng)價(jià)格進(jìn)行的評(píng)估，由政府或委托方進(jìn)行收購后安置。以搬遷價(jià)格進(jìn)行的評(píng)估，由被拆遷方對(duì)苗木進(jìn)行自行處理。筆者在對(duì)苗木安置進(jìn)行調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，同一批苗木經(jīng)過多次搬遷而多次進(jìn)行評(píng)估的現(xiàn)象依然存在，此現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)成為苗木補(bǔ)償中一條灰色的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，對(duì)各方面的危害極大，希望引起有關(guān)部門和人員的關(guān)注。

After the completion of the compensation agreement, the placement of seedlings may not have much to do with the evaluators, but the nature and magnitude of the evaluation price also have a certain impact on the placement of seedlings. There are generally two types of seedling placement: evaluation based on market prices and placement after purchase by the government or commissioned party. The evaluation based on the relocation price shall be carried out by the demolished party to dispose of the seedlings themselves. In the investigation of seedling placement, the author found that the phenomenon of the same batch of seedlings being relocated multiple times and evaluated multiple times still exists. This phenomenon has become a gray industry chain in seedling compensation, which poses great harm to all aspects. It is hoped that relevant departments and personnel will pay attention to it.

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